The brand new authors give thanks to Petrified Tree Federal Park Superintendents Lee Baiza, Cliff Spencer, and you may Brad Traver, Chiefs from Financial support Government Karen Dorn and you may Tap Thompson, together with rest of the playground employees to have logistical support. Excavation works try helped from the Yasemin Tulu, Katie Brakora, Bruce Bailey, Franceska Sena, Meredith Fontana, Susan Drymala, Jake Tapaha, Ben Kligman, Emily Lessner, Pete Reser, while the late Vin Morgan. Thank you so you’re able to Christian Sidor and you can Kelsey Abrams (UWBM) for thinking, pictures, and you will the means to access specimens at its establishment. A lot more guidance on earth was provided by the NPS Youth Preservation Corps as well as the Navajo Maintenance Corps. Even more picture taking and you will illustrations was in fact done-by Tyra Olstad. Dr. Pat Holroyd (UCMP) kindly considering entry to series in her own care. K. Ritterbush (College or university out-of Utah) amply given access to their petrographic microscope imaging system, and also the osteoderm histological glides was in fact imaged from the J. Hambleton. Evaluations by the Hans-Dieter Sues, Julia B. Desojo, and Martin Ezcurra improved new manuscript. This can be Petrified Tree National Park Paleontological Contribution No. 74. The brand new viewpoints expressed herein are those of writers and carry out perhaps not portray the state feedback of U. S. Regulators.
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One among these secret early-branching pseudosuchians try Roentgen. callenderi, that has been to start with also known as a beneficial putative ornithischian dinosaur predicated on separated, however, apomorphic, white teeth about Bull Canyon Formation (Dockum Class) away from east The newest Mexico, You (See, 1989 ). After that knowledge (e.grams., Heckert, 2002 ; Have a look, 2001 ; Hunt & Lucas, 1994 ; Padian, 1990 ) identified a lot more dental care specimens from other localities and you can continued to spot Roentgen. callenderi since an enthusiastic unambiguous dinosaur possessing ornithischian synapomorphies. Have a look ( 1994 , 2001 ) also noted the clear presence of a partial bones away from a keen armored pseudosuchian (NMMNH P-16932) about method of area out of Roentgen. callenderi, which he considered a distinct taxon, but never officially explained. The new knowledge out-of associated skeletal issue in addition to cranial matter within situ pearly whites of an effective monodominant bonebed (sensu Eberth, Shannon, & Noland, 2007 ) regarding the Petrified Forest Person in the fresh Chinle Formation from the Petrified Forest Federal Playground (PEFO), Arizona, All of us, clearly showed you to definitely Roentgen. callenderi wasn’t a great dinosaur, but rather an early on-diverging pseudosuchian (Parker et al., 2005 ). Predicated on one to the fresh information, Search et al., ( 2005 ) called NMMNH P-16932 to help you R. callenderi. Although the breakdown of that material is actually short term, the main thing for three factors: (a) NMMNH P-16932 most definitely stands for R. callenderi as specimen has an excellent dentigerous maxilla which have teeth sustaining Roentgen. callenderi apomorphies; (b) it is regarding really close to the type area out-of R. callenderi, each other geographically and you can stratigraphically (Appear ainsi que al., 2005 ); and you will (c) NMMNH P-16932 are identical to this new PEFO skeletal situation allotted to Roentgen. callenderi of the Parker ainsi que al. ( 2005 ). The newest genus Revueltosaurus integrated a couple of almost every other variety, “R”. hunti Heckert, 2002 , known out of teeth and you can bones on the lower Chinle Creation away from Washington and Utah minimizing Dockum Number of The newest Mexico, and you may “R”. olseni (Check & Lucas, 1994 ), understood from white teeth from the Pekin Formation out-of New york, All of us.
As well as their eponymous taxon, the only real most other specimens off PFV 297 are fragmentary shuvosaurid bones (elizabeth.g., PEFO 34072) receive ex-situ (Parker ainsi que al., 2005 ), and you will isolated high, serrated pearly whites. They have been pearly whites identifiable to help you phytosaurs and an enormous mediolaterally compacted recurved tooth (crown length = 63.step three mm) with a good resorbed options that may portray a big paracrocodylomorph (PEFO 41401). However, PFV 231 preserves an even more varied assemblage along with R. callenderi (elizabeth.g., PEFO 33791), the brand new non-archosaur archosauriform Vancleavea campi (PEFO 33978), indeterminate small metoposaurid temnospondyls (elizabeth.grams., PEFO 34081), shuvosaurids (e.grams., PEFO 33953), rauisuchids (sensu Nesbitt, 2011 ; e.g., PEFO 33954), crocodylomorphs (age.grams., PEFO 34090), mystriosuchine leptosuchomorph phytosaurs (PEFO 33980), the latest aetosaur Typothorax coccinarum (e.grams., PEFO 33967), the early-diverging theropod dinosaur Chindesaurus bryansmalli (PEFO 33982), and you can an effective coelophysoid theropod (age.g., PEFO 33981; Parker et al., 2005 ; Parker & Irmis, 2005 ; Irmis, 2008 ; Parker & Barton, 2008 ; Parker & ).
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The cause of loss of these individuals are unknown; yet not, monodominant bonebeds are commonly formed by single catastrophic incidents in which collection off taxa, often the consequence of a lot of time-label attritional buildup, cannot occur (Eberth & Brinkman, 1997 ). Curiously, people at PFV 297 and PFV 414 are alongside an identical size (Investigation S2) and you can allegedly was indeed from the comparable ontogenetic values (but discover Griffin ainsi que al., 2020 for a discussion towards the dimensions and you can ontogenetic updates); however, PFV 231 consists of individuals of various systems including specimens much bigger compared to those in the other a few internet; such, new front out of PEFO 41453 was
The fresh new matrix is actually built into the Mesquite v3.ten (Maddison & Maddison, 2019 ) and you may include all in all, 444 characters for 91 taxa. The new rhynchosaur Mesosuchus browni was used while the outgroup so you’re able to sources many parsimonious woods (MPTs). The newest dataset is examined in the PAUP*cuatro.0b10 (Swofford, 2002 ) having fun with a great heuristic browse subjected to 1,100000 haphazard addition replicates which have tree bisection and you can reconnection part swapping. Letters thirty two, 52, 121, 137, 139, 156, 168, 188, 223, 247, 258, 269, 271, 291, 297, 314, 328, 356, 371, 399, 413, 430, and you can 432 datingranking.net/tr/feeld-inceleme/ (pick Nesbitt et al., 2020 getting ordering variations of the modern Nesbitt, 2011 dataset) were ordered. Zero-size twigs was folded if they lacked service not as much as any kind of the most parsimonious reconstructions. An equivalent topology together with exact same number of MPTs are retrieved when all the emails are running unordered, even if an alternative tree length try receive. Bootstrap assistance was determined from just one,100000 replicates using an excellent heuristic research strategy that have arbitrary taxon addition succession and TBR department swapping.